at Time of Crash
Select up to four actions or circumstances that may have contributed to the crash.
00 - No Contributing Action / Circumstance is used when there is no contributing action or circumstance that may have contributed to the crash.
01 - Ran Off Roadway is used if this person drove the vehicle off the roadway.
02 - Failed to Yield Right-of-Way is used if this person failed to yield to a pedestrian, emergency vehicle, streetcar already in intersection, etc.
03 - Ran Red Light is used if this person ran a red light.
04 - Ran Stop Sign is used if this person ran a stop sign.
05 - Failure to Obey Other Traffic Signs, Signals, Officer, etc. – is used if this person failed to obey other traffic signs, signals, officer, etc.
06 - Failure to Signal Intentions is used if this person failed to sound horn at curve or mountain road, failed to signal upon stopping to turn, etc.
07 - Disregarded Other Road Markings is used if this person did not take into consideration other road marking not listed in the options above.
08 - Improper Turn is used if this person made an illegal right or left turn in violation of state or local laws.
09 - Improper Merge is used if this person enters a same-direction roadway or changes lanes due to lane reduction without matching the existing driving conditions of other vehicles (e.g., entering the roadway with insufficient or excessive speed).
10 - Improper Backing is used if this person backed the vehicle without consideration to safety and disregarded other traffic or fixed or movable objects (e.g., backing into intersection or highway, backing on expressway, backing over crosswalk).
11 - Improper Passing is used if this person passed on the right, in a non-passing zone, a school bus, a pedestrian in crosswalk, etc.
12 - Passing with Insufficient Distance or Inadequate Visibility is used when this person passed with insufficient sight distance or improper visibility.
13 - Failure to Yield to Overtaking Vehicle is used when this person failed to give way to the right in favor of the overtaking vehicle, meaning this person increased the speed of the vehicle before the passing vehicle completed the pass and drove back to the right side of the roadway.
14 - Improper or Erratic Lane Changing is used when this person changed lanes unsafely, failed to obey "no lane change" sign, weaving in and out of traffic, etc.
15 - Making Improper Entry to or Exit from Trafficway is used when this person drove onto or from controlled access highway where prohibited. For example: entering highway from adjacent pasture, field; entering highway on exit ramp, or exiting on entrace ramp, going the wrong way.
16 - Wrong Side or Wrong Way is used when this person drove into the oncoming lanes or the wrong direction for one-way traffic.
17 - Followed Too Closely is used when this person followed too closely.
18 - Failed to Keep in Proper Lane is used when this person failed to stay in the proper lane. Examples include: bicyclist failing to keep in bicycle lane; persons not in motor vehicles in-transport and working motor vehicle failing to stay in proper lane; going straight in a turn lane; etc.
19 - Operated Motor Vehicle in an Inattentive, Careless, Erratic, or Negligent Manner is used when this person operated the motor vehicle in a manner that is without due regard for or is innatentiave or unresponsive to any other surrounding circumstances or hazard that may be present.
20 - Operated Motor Vehicle in a Reckless or Aggressive Manner is used when this person operated the motor vehicle in a manner that created a substantial and unjustifiable risk of harm to a person or to property.
21 - Swerved or Avoided Due to Wind, Slippery Surface, Motor Vehicle, Object, Non-Motorist in Roadway, etc.
22 - Over-Correcting / Over-Steering
23 - Reaction to or Failure to Take Drugs / Medication is used when the person has an allergic reaction to medication/drugs; reacted to drug interaction (over the counter and/or prescribed); failed to take required medication.
24 - Unlawful Driving on Sidewalk or Pathway is used if this person operated the motor vehicle on a sidewalk or pathway.
25 - Improper / Unsecure Load (with Passengers or Cargo). Examples include having more than 3 passengers in the front seat; trunk open with extra large cargo protruding; sitting/standing on rails, tailgate of pickup or improperly sitting in bed of pickup; overweight/ over length/ oversize.
26 - Towing or Pushing Improperly is used when towing with improper connection (e.g., only a cable, etc.); using vehicle to push another vehicle; etc.
27 - Operating Without Required Equipment is used when this person is operating a vehicle with defective or no lamps, brakes, mirrors, muffler, flares, wipers, horn, snow tires, chains, etc.
28 - Interfering with Driver. Examples include obstructing the driver’s view; striking the driver with body or object; rambunctious individuals who make the driver innatentive, even without touching the driver or the controls; motorcycle passenger (or other cyclist) shifting weight or affecting driver control; etc.
29 - Construction / Maintenance / Utility Worker. Examples: highway department, contractor, utility company personnel, etc.
30 - Operator Inexperience. Examples: new drivers; unfamiliar with vehicle; person not in motor vehicle in-transport unfamiliar with transport device; etc.
31 - Pedestrian Error / Confusion is to be used when this pedestrian’s unintentional actions were the primary cause of the collision. Not to be confused with intentional acts (e.g., dart/dash).
32 - Emergency Services Personnel includes fire, EMS, wrecker service personnel.
33 - Police or Law Enforcement Officer. Federal, State or local law enforcement officer working at the time of crash. Includes Military and Park Police, Border Patrol, and all other sworn law enforcement officers.
34 - Police Pursuing this Driver is used when this motorist is being pursued by police.
35 - Police Officer in Pursuit is used when this officer is in pursuit of motorist.
36 - Dart / Dash is used when this person either ran, rode, etc., into the roadway in front of a motorist whose view of the non-motorist was not obstructed, or this person walked, ran, rode, etc., into the road and was struck by a motorist whose view of the pedestrian was blocked until an instant before impact.
For example:
- A pedestrian runs into the roadway in front of a motorist whose view of the pedestrian was blocked until an instant before impact.
- A bicyclist enters the roadway in front of a motorist whose view of the bicyclist was not obstructed.
38 - Disabled Vehicle Related (Working on, Pushing, Leaving / Approaching) is used when this person was outside of a disabled vehicle for any number of reasons, including working on it, pushing it, leaving it, or approaching it.
39 - Entering / Exiting Vehicle is used when this person is a non-motorist and he/she was in the act of entering or had just exited a motor vehicle.
40 - Improper Crossing of Roadway or Intersection (Jaywalking)
41 - Not Visible (Dark Clothing, No Lighting, etc.) is used when this person is a non-motorist and he/she was not visible to the motorist because of blocked views, insufficient lighting, or other reasons.
42 - Set Vehicle in Motion is used when the motor vehicle this person was in was unintentionally set in motion by this person.
98 - Other Contributing Action / Circumstance is used when there is another action / circumstance that contributed to the crash but it is not listed in the options above.
99 - Unknown is used when this person’s action / circumstance contributing to the crash is unknown. Note that if you select this option, you cannot select any other option; this field will only have the one selection not four as otherwise allowed.